A generic ATMS

AbstractThe main aim of this paper is to create a general truth maintenance system based on the De Kleer algorithm. This system (the ATMS) is to be designed so that it can be used in different propositional monotonic logic models of reasoning systems. The knowledge base system that will interact with it is described. Furthermore, we study the efficiency that transferring the ATMS to a logic with several truth values presupposes. Definitions and properties of the generic ATMS are particularized to interact both with a reasoning system based on multivalued logic specifically for the case of [0, 1 ]-valued logic and with a reasoning system based on fuzzy logic. The latter will be designed to reason with fuzzy truth values, although a parallel project might be followed using linguistic labels directly

Actividad física y autoconcepto en centros bilingües y no bilingües: Un análisis mediante ecuaciones estructurales

The aim of this study is to analyse, define and contrast a model that explains the concept of self-awareness and teenagers’ attitudes towards Physical Education (P.E.). Using multi-group structural equations, the study also delves deeper into the links between the concept of self and attitudes of learners toward the physical education teacher according to the type of school (bilingual or non-bilingual). The total sample was made up of 2,388 teenage students aged between 11 and 17 (1,151 bilingual and 1,237 non-bilingual). The students responded to a socio-demographic questionnaire, a self-concept test, and a test dealing with Attitude toward Physical Education, to analyse the level of teaching of the foreign language in addition to aspects pertaining to the subject of physical education and the degree of concept of self or self-awareness. The results indicate higher levels of influence of the academic aspect in PE training in bilingual schools, whereas in non-bilingual contexts, it is the physical dimension that is rated more positively. Similarly, the data points to a positive and direct link between the overall concept of self in teenagers, with sense of empathy toward the teacher and value placed on the subject of physical education in students attending bilingual schools.El presente estudio tiene como objetivos analizar, definir y contrastar un modelo explicativo sobre el autoconcepto y la actitud hacia la educación física en adolescentes. Utilizando análisis de ecuaciones estructurales multigrupo, el estudio también analiza las relaciones existentes entre el autoconcepto y la actitud hacia el profesor de educación física en base al tipo de centro en donde estudian los adolescentes (bilingüe o no). La muestra está formada por 2.388 adolescentes de entre 11 y 17 años (1.151 bilingües y 1.237 de centros no bilingües). Se aplicó un cuestionario de tipo sociodemográfico, el test de autoconcepto y un cuestionario de actitud hacia la Educación Física con el fin de analizar el nivel de enseñanza de lengua extranjera, aspectos relacionados con la asignatura de educación física y el nivel de autoconcepto. Los resultados depararon una alta influencia del aspecto académico de los adolescentes en los centros bilingües, mientras que, en el caso de los no bilingües, es la dimensión física la más valorada. Asimismo, los datos establecen una asociación positiva y directa entre el autoconcepto general de los adolescentes, la empatía con el profesor y la valoración hacia la asignatura de educación física en los alumnos que estudian en centros educativos bilingües

Autoconcepto, actividad física y familia : análisis de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales

El presente estudio fue realizar un análisis psicosocial del autoconcepto en adolescentes españoles, considerando de manera simultánea variables personales, familiares, académicas y físico-deportivas. Los participantes fueron 2.134 adolescentes de ambos sexos, procedentes de veinte centros educativos de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, con edades comprendidas entre los 15 y 18 años. Se llevó a cabo un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que explica la varianza en un 63.12% y se explora el efecto que tenía la práctica de actividad física, sobre las dimensiones del Test de Autoconcepto Forma-5 (AF-5) de García y Musitu (1999). Los resultados, señalan que el modelo se ajusta correctamente, y que de todas las dimensiones la familiar es la que mayor peso presenta, y la práctica de actividad física no es causa del resto de variables de este modelo.This study was made to carry out a psychosocial analysis of self-concept in Spanish adolescents, simultaneously considering personal, physical, sports, family and academic variables. The participants were 2,134 adolescents of both genders, from twenty Secondary Schools, aged between 15 and 18 years old. A structural equation model was made that explained the variance at 63.12% and explored the effect that physical activity had using the dimensions of the Autoconcepto Forma-5 (AF-5) Test by García and Musitu (1999). The results show that the model was correctly adjusted and that, out of all the dimensions, family has the greatest weight and that the practice of physical activity is not a cause of other variables in the model.O presente estudo visou realizar uma análise psicossocial do autoconceito em adolescentes espanhóis, considerando simultaneamente variáveis pessoais, familiares académicas e físico-desportivas. Os participantes foram 2.134 adolescentes de ambos os sexos, precedentes de vinte centros educativas de Educação Secundária Obrigatória, com idades compreendidas entre os 15e os 18 anos. Foi realizado um modelo de equações estruturas que explica 63.12% da variância, explorando-se de igual modo o efeito que teria a prática de actividade física, sobre as dimensões do Teste de Autoconceito Forma- 5 (AF-5) de García e Musitu (1999). Os resultados, demonstram que o modelo se ajusta correctamente, e que de todas as dimensões, a familiar é a que maior peso apresenta, e a prática de actividade física não é causa das restantes variáveis deste modelo

The relationship between consumption of tobacco and alcohol and self-concept in Spanish adolescents

La etapa adolescente constituye una fase esencial en el desarrollo de la persona; en estas edades las relaciones sociales y la adquisición de la personalidad son elementos claves, por tanto se planteó el siguiente estudio con los objetivos de determinar el autoconcepto de los adolescentes y cada una de sus dimensiones, así como describir el consumo habitual de alcohol y tabaco en la población adolescente y analizar las relaciones existentes entre el autoconcepto y las sustancias nocivas (alcohol y tabaco). Participaron un total de 2.134 adolescentes que permitió el registro y evaluación de las variables Autoconcepto (AF5), Consumo de Tabaco (FTND) y Consumo de Alcohol (AUDIT). Los resultados mostraron que el autoconcepto global era alto en los adolescentes, que en su mayoría eran no fumadores y el consumo de alcohol era perceptible únicamente en tres de cada diez jóvenes; y entre las dimensiones las más puntuadas eran la familiar y la social. Se encontró asociación en el caso de las dimensiones de autoconcepto familiar, académico y social con el consumo de alcohol, sin embargo debe señalarse que el número de adolescentes que ingerían alcohol era bastante escueto por lo que debemos ser cautos con dicha afirmación.The adolescent stage is an essential phase in the development of the individual; at this age social relations and the acquisition of personality are key elements, therefore the following study was proposed with the objectives of determining the self-concept of adolescents and each of its dimensions, as well as describing the habitual consumption of alcohol and tobacco in the adolescent population and to analyze the relationships between self-concept and harmful substances (alcohol and tobacco). A total of 2,134 adolescents from the province of Granada (Spain) participated in the study, which allowed the registration and evaluation of variables such as self-concept (AF5), tobacco consumption (FTND) and alcohol consumption (AUDIT). The results showed that global self-concept was high in those adolescents who in their majority were non-smokers, and alcohol consumption was only perceptible in three out of ten young people. Among the highest ranked dimensions were the family and social ones. An association was found between the dimensions of familial, academic and social self-concept and alcohol consumption; however it should be noted that the number of adolescents who drank alcohol was quite short so we must be cautious with this statement

The influence of exercise on adolescents self-concept

The present research sheds light on the importance of physical activity with regards to self-concept in Spanish adolescents and considers physical exercise, family and academic variables. An explanatory and relational study was conducted. A total of 2,134 teenagers aged between 15 and 18 years old participated in the study. A descriptive and relational analysis by means of the ANOVA Test was also undertaken. The results obtained are discussed here taking into account the relevant specialised literature. It was found that two thirds of the students sampled did exercise regularly, team sports being the most popular. These learners presented a high degree of self-concept, particularly for the social and family dimensions. It can also be concluded from this study that better physical condition and appearance are related to sport engagement, and that physical activity is related to improved self image and to fostering social and family relationships

Análisis de la resiliencia, autoconcepto y motivación en judo según el género

El objetivo de estudio fue determinar y analizar las relaciones existentes entre el clima motivacional, autoconcepto físico y resiliencia, en base al género. Participaron 148 judocas con una edad media de 23.09 años (DT = 6.731) de Chile. Completaron los cuestionarios de clima motivacional (PMCSQ-2), autoconcepto físico (AF-5) y resiliencia (CD-RISC). Para el análisis estadístico se emplearon las ecuaciones estructurales, realizándose mediante multigrupos (masculino y femenino). Los resultados indicaron una bondad de ajuste aceptable del modelo, se determinó que la correlación entre el clima tarea y clima ego es mayor en mujeres, ellas consideran que cuando aumenta el clima motivacional se incrementa su propio autoconcepto físico y se genera un incremento en los sentimientos de satisfacción hacia la tarea y que en los hombres el aumento del autoconcepto físico provoca mayores niveles de resiliencia que en las mujeres.The aim of the study was to determine and analyze the relationships between motivational climate, physical self-concept and resilience, based on gender. 148 judokas participated with a mean age of 23.09 years (SD = 6.731) of Chile. Completed questionnaires motivational climate (PMCSQ-2), physical self (AF 5) and resilience (CD-RISC). For statistical analysis, structural equations were used, performed by multi group (male and female). The results indicated acceptable goodness of fit of the model, it was determined that the correlation between climate and ego climate task is higher in women, they consider that when the motivational climate increases increases its own physical self and generated an increase in feelings satisfaction to the task and that men increased physical self causes higher levels of resilience than in women.O objetivo do estudo foi determinar e analisar as relações entre clima motivacional, autoconceito físico e resiliência, com base no gênero. 148 judocas participaram com média de idade de 23,09 anos (DP = 6,731) do Chile. Questionários preenchidos clima motivacional (PMCSQ-2), auto físico (AF-5) e resiliência (CD-RISC). Para análise estatística, foram utilizadas equações estruturais, realizadas por multi-grupo (masculino e feminino). Os resultados indicaram uma qualidade aceitável de ajuste do modelo, determinouse que a correlação entre clima e ego clima tarefa é maior em mulheres, eles consideram que quando o clima motivacional aumenta aumenta seu próprio self físico e gerou um aumento na satisfação de sentimentos para o Tarefa e que os homens aumentaram o auto físico provoca níveis mais elevados de resiliência do que nas mulheres

Epidemiology of Candidemia in Latin America: A Laboratory-Based Survey

Background: the epidemiology of candidemia varies depending on the geographic region. Little is known about the epidemiology of candidemia in Latin America.Methods: We conducted a 24-month laboratory-based survey of candidemia in 20 centers of seven Latin American countries. Incidence rates were calculated and the epidemiology of candidemia was characterized.Results: Among 672 episodes of candidemia, 297 (44.2%) occurred in children (23.7% younger than 1 year), 36.2% in adults between 19 and 60 years old and 19.6% in elderly patients. the overall incidence was 1.18 cases per 1,000 admissions, and varied across countries, with the highest incidence in Colombia and the lowest in Chile. Candida albicans (37.6%), C. parapsilosis (26.5%) and C. tropicalis (17.6%) were the leading agents, with great variability in species distribution in the different countries. Most isolates were highly susceptible to fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B and anidulafungin. Fluconazole was the most frequent agent used as primary treatment (65.8%), and the overall 30-day survival was 59.3%.Conclusions: This first large epidemiologic study of candidemia in Latin America showed a high incidence of candidemia, high percentage of children, typical species distribution, with C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis accounting for the majority of episodes, and low resistance rates.independent medical grant from Pfizer Inc.Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Univ Hosp, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniv Fed Parana, Hosp Clin, BR-80060000 Curitiba, Parana, BrazilHosp Escuela Tegucigalpa, Tegucigalpa, HondurasHosp Clin Jose San Martin, Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaUniv Nacl Colombia, Dept Internal Med, Bogota, ColombiaPontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Fac Med, Hosp Vozandes, Quito, EcuadorHosp Vargas de Caracas, Caracas, VenezuelaCtr Med Caracas, Caracas, VenezuelaUniv Chile, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, Hosp Luis Calvo Mackenna, Santiago 7, ChileUniv Desarrollo, Clin Alemana, Dept Med, Infect Dis Unit, Santiago, ChileInst Nacl Ciencias Med & Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, DF, MexicoUniv Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Med, Lima, PeruUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Div Infect Dis, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Div Infect Dis, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Healthcare workers hospitalized due to COVID-19 have no higher risk of death than general population. Data from the Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry

Aim To determine whether healthcare workers (HCW) hospitalized in Spain due to COVID-19 have a worse prognosis than non-healthcare workers (NHCW). Methods Observational cohort study based on the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, a nationwide registry that collects sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data on patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Spain. Patients aged 20-65 years were selected. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with mortality. Results As of 22 May 2020, 4393 patients were included, of whom 419 (9.5%) were HCW. Median (interquartile range) age of HCW was 52 (15) years and 62.4% were women. Prevalence of comorbidities and severe radiological findings upon admission were less frequent in HCW. There were no difference in need of respiratory support and admission to intensive care unit, but occurrence of sepsis and in-hospital mortality was lower in HCW (1.7% vs. 3.9%; p = 0.024 and 0.7% vs. 4.8%; p<0.001 respectively). Age, male sex and comorbidity, were independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality and healthcare working with lower mortality (OR 0.211, 95%CI 0.067-0.667, p = 0.008). 30-days survival was higher in HCW (0.968 vs. 0.851 p<0.001). Conclusions Hospitalized COVID-19 HCW had fewer comorbidities and a better prognosis than NHCW. Our results suggest that professional exposure to COVID-19 in HCW does not carry more clinical severity nor mortality